What's On My Mind
Beware of the Logical Fallacy
Have you ever heard an argument or a statement that was presented as fact, that just didn't ring true?
Perhaps the statement seemed to jump to a wild conclusion, or the argument being presented was based on evidence that couldn't easily be validated or was out of context.
These kinds of statements are often referred to as Logical Fallacies. Essentially, an argument that is built on flawed reasoning, and that – when you apply logic – is discovered to be false.
Logical fallacies can be persuasive, and are often used in rhetoric to encourage people to think a certain way or believe certain things. This is why we need to be careful and question the things we hear that don't quite "ring true."
Here is brief run down of a few:
Appeals to Authority: This is where you rely on an "expert" source to form the basis of your argument…and even if the research is genuine it may be misquoted, misunderstood, taken out of context to support the argument.
False Inductions: A false induction is often called a "non sequitur," which translates from Latin to "it does not follow." This fallacy gets you to infer a causal relationship where none is evident.
The Bandwagon: Here, you are led to believe in an idea or proposition simply because it's popular or has lots of support.
The Slippery Slope: The slippery slope argument relies on making you think that the worst that can happen will actually happen.
The Straw Man: The straw man fallacy involves creating a false argument and then refuting it. The counterargument is then believed to be true.
Observational Selection: you draw attention to the positive aspects of an idea and ignore the negatives thus being one sided, biased, and incomplete.
The False Dichotomy: a misdirect by providing only two choices both an "either-or" argument: you provide only two options and force people to choose between them. Neither choice may be the best.
The ability to discern a valid argument from a false one is an important skill. It's a key aspect of critical thinking as false conclusions might cause you to make decisions that you later regret and much more. |